However, studies that consider disability type in determining labor market outcomes are needed; particularly in Canada.
Our conjoint analysis study confirms the importance of disability severity in determining the decision to consult for peripheral joint osteoarthritis but provides new quantitative evidence on the relative importance of perceived GP attitude.
Our results did not support the importance of general social characteristics, such as age and gender, in stereotyping by social insurance physicians, but the physicians did indicate that they consider the type of disability of the claimant (i.e. physical or psychological complaints) and the claimant's way of coping with disabilities to be important in determining their method of communication.
Notably, in 1984 Congress mandated the inclusion of mental disorders and pain in disability standards and required examiners to "consider the impact of multiple nonsevere impairments in determining disability".
Back to Article 2. For a listing of Mr. Burkhauser's research and positions on related issues, see www.aei.org/scholar/richard-burkhauser/ Back to Article 3. See, e.g., 20 Code of Federal Regulations § 416.924a ("Considerations in determining disability for children"); id., §416.926a ("Functional equivalence for children").
Emerging literature therefore suggests that depressive symptoms and cognition play some role in determining disability at least in older or elderly persons.
This is in line with the recent hypothesis that energy metabolism, which originates in the mitochondria, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS [Di et al., 2010] and in determining disability in MS [Ciccarelli et al., 2010a, b].
Although it is true that social insurance and workers' compensation legislation differ between countries [ 4], evidence about, for instance, the course of a disease and its impairments can be useful in determining disability pension outcomes and incapacity benefits more objectively.
Beyond diffuse GM damage, the relevance of cortical damage in determining disability has been pointed out by the strong correlation observed between focal GM damage as visible by double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence (i.e., cortical lesions; Figure 3) and clinical progression.
Catastrophizing – experiencing extremely negative thoughts about one's plight and interpreting even minor problems as major catastrophes – appears to be a powerful way of thinking that greatly influences pain and disability and is important in determining one's reaction to pain [ 22].
