But if Mr. Gates's sweeping plan is fully enacted, none of the armed services or Pentagon civilian agencies and directorates would be immune from the pain of annual cost-cutting, which would become institutionalized across the Defense Department.
The other two directorates would be kept at 2015 levels, as would the agency's education activities, which were slated for an 11% boost.
The agency's six research directorates would be the big winners, with a 16% boost to $5.59 billion led by 20% hikes for math and physical sciences, engineering, and computer sciences.
The government's opponents claim that under the draft laws now being considered in parliament, the powers of the respected anti-corruption directorate, the DNA, would be reduced, with the justice ministry able to name head prosecutors.
Describing the duress that the women were apparently under while in captivity, Commander Steve Rodhouse, head of Scotland Yard's specialist crime directorate, said: "Brainwashing would be the simplest term, yet that belittles the years of emotional abuse these victims have had to endure.
The proposed division of responsibilities between the NNPC and the Directorate of Petroleum Resources also would be good.
It said that the new security division, the National Security Service, to be headed by a senior F.B.I. official, would include the bureau's counterterrorism and counterintelligence divisions, as well as its intelligence directorate, and that all would be "subject to the coordination and budget powers" of the new intelligence chief.
In 2006 the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage announced they would be working to preserve the railways and ferries, and in 2008 it became clear that the directorate was working with an application for the Rjukan Line, the Tinnos Line and the ferries to be included in a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with the closed plants in Rjukan and Odda.
Dr. Asrar said agency officials decided to bring in someone from outside to head the science directorate to signal that there would be no bias toward either earth or space science under the new arrangement.
One of the targets of the FIRST Act cuts to funding for the NSF's Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences would be support of graduate student dissertation research via Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants in these areas (e.g. Archaeology, Anthropology, etc., etc.).
There would be a new directorate to tackle extremism as well as the overhaul of the surveillance laws.
