We have found that inhibition of ncNOS activity is accompanied by increased insulin release induced by glucose, L-arginine and to a lesser extent by cholinergic stimulation, while secretion induced by agents directly stimulating the cyclic AMP system is not inhibited and might even be slightly increased by NO [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [11], [19], [20], [29].
Many of the medications used to treat ADHD increase endogenous NE stimulation of α2 adrenoceptors or mimic NE by directly stimulating these receptors.
Galectin-4 was demonstrated to exacerbate intestinal inflammation by directly stimulating the CD4+ T cells to produce IL-6 on TCR mutational colitis model (Hokama et al., 2004).
Active transcutaneous bone conduction devices, where the transducer is implanted, are used for rehabilitation of hearing impaired patients by directly stimulating the skull bone.
A number of adjuvants have been designed to improve plasmid DNA immunogenicity, either by directly stimulating the immune system or by enhancing plasmid DNA expression.
With this aim, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of directly stimulating the purinergic receptor pathway through exogenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) in absence of externally applied forces.
Vibrators enhance sensitivity by increasing blood flow to the genitals quickly and powerfully, and by directly stimulating the clitoris.
VEGF may also act in a functional autocrine loop capable of directly stimulating the growth of MM cells [9].
In this study we tested whether LILFU was capable of directly stimulating the activity of neurons in the central nervous system.
Also, intra-operative results show that eliciting a motor evoked potential by directly stimulating the human brainstem requires a current density of about 2 9 mA/cm2 953].
Similarly CSPG may signal via the PI3K/Akt pathway by long-term upregulation of Akt expression rather than directly stimulating this protein.
