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PKA acts directly sensitize the TRP channels, while AA metabolites and products directly activate the TRP channels.
TGF- β1 and TGF- β2 have been demonstrated to increase de novo neuropeptide synthesis in the DRG that may directly sensitize primary afferent nociceptors [ 181, 182].
A recent report also suggests that metformin-pretreatment during IVF may directly sensitize human GCs and so result in the increased proliferation of primary GC lines in culture as well as the increased basal cell viability of human granulosa lutein cells in vitro, in the absence of any stimulatory effect from insulin or IGF-1 in the media (Sonntag et al., 2005).
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The anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin is specifically expressed by adipocyte and directly sensitizes the body to insulin [20].
We have analyzed electrodes directly sensitized with CdSe QDs grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR).
We demonstrated that IL-7, produced mainly by B cells in cell culture, directly sensitizes T cells to produce pro-osteoclastogenic factors, such as TNF-α and RANKL, and enhances spontaneous osteoclastogenesis.
Adiponectin is an adipokine that is released from adipose tissue and directly sensitizes the body to insulin.
We propose that a combination of deleterious events accelerate the ageing-related decline in dopamine neuron function, rather than the stochastic acceleration hypothesis in which ageing directly sensitizes the dopamine system [ 3].
If tumours contain defects of the p53 pathway that are upstream of p53 or suppress p53 levels, activation of p53 could bypass the defect and, provided the right signals are present, either induce apoptosis directly or sensitize the cells to induction of apoptosis by traditional therapy.
Further studies are needed to explore whether TLE3 is only a marker of sensitive cells or whether it can be implicated more directly in sensitizing cells to chemotherapy-mediated cell death.
Conversely, chemosensors are typically activated directly or sensitized by a wide range of chemicals, including capsaicin, bradykinin, adenosine, PGE2, but are relatively insensitive to mechanical stimuli [ 9, 10].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com