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Cyber Command and the N.S.A. were hesitant to offer options, a former official said, out of concern that if they tried to directly deter Moscow's activities, Russian operatives would learn too much about America's espionage techniques, among the government's most closely held secrets.
Although they're not doing anything as of yet to directly deter people from modifying the phones software (aside from voiding the warranty of course), Apple said that future updates might brick your phone due to conflict with the hacked software.
To test the hypothesis that the presence of the E. solidaginis emission might directly deter insect feeding on exposed plants, we conducted feeding assays with the specialist beetle herbivore A. vittatum feeding on exposed and unexposed C. pepo plants.
Secondary metabolites can directly deter or negatively affect the performance of herbivores (direct defense) [ 1], or attract and facilitate the action of natural enemies of herbivores (indirect resistance) [ 2].
Here we show that the E. solidaginis emission does not (directly) deter herbivore feeding on Cucurbita pepo or Symphyotrichum lateriflorum plants —which have no co-evolutionary relationship with E. solidaginis and thus are not expected to exhibit priming responses to the fly emission.
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Thus, in addition to directly deterring distress, physical fitness was found to have the potential to indirectly deter distress through its positive association with the level of psychological resources (i.e., self-esteem) that individuals possess.
In contrast, we found no evidence that the E. solidaginis emission directly deters insect feeding.
These results thus strongly indicate that insect herbivores, in this case two herbivorous chrysomelid species, are not directly deterred by the E. solidaginis emission.
To directly deter-subjective responses to alcohol in humans and differentially affects treatment response to naltrexone (Ray and Hutchinson 2007).
The shift makes sense: in both Britain and America it was increasingly clear that the stigma associated with approaching the central bank directly was deterring deserving borrowers.
"Though terrorists are very difficult to deter directly, they make cost/benefit calculations and are dependent on states and other stakeholders we are capable of influencing," the document declared.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com