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The last is regarded as the way that human beings validly, and directly, apprehend an absence; this was in conformity with Shabara's statement that abhava (nonexistence) itself is a pramana (way of true knowledge).
He concurs with Descartes and Hume that we never directly apprehend the self (this fact is what he calls "the systematic elusiveness of the 'I'").
The alternative position, referred to in the 19th century as "presentationism" is often called "direct realism" and holds, as Reid contends, that we directly apprehend the world of real things.
Accordingly, Tye holds that anyone seeking to account for our ability to directly apprehend change by appealing to a unifying relationship between experiences is also misguided: there simply aren't the token experiences there to be unified; a given period or stretch of consciousness is not composed of successive perceptions or experiences (203: 10203
For example, in the case of intuitive perception, an intuiter would directly apprehend Abraham Lincoln himself, not just his essence, with all of his material and temporal individuality (and, especially for Eliot, the way he perceives the world in his own peculiar way).
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Directly Apprehended: Qualia do not depend on any mediating processes or inferences.
The directly apprehended universe needs, in short, no extraneous transempirical connective support, but possesses in its own right a concatenated or continuous structure".
When a person looks at what he thinks is a physical object, such as a chair, what he is directly apprehending is a sense-datum, a certain visual appearance.
In their epistemology, whereas the Vaibhashikas are direct realists, the Sautrantikas hold a sort of representationism, according to which the external world is only inferred from the mental conceptions that alone are directly apprehended.
His rediscovery in the 20th century was begun by Arthur Symons's selection of 1908, a process continued by Edward Thomas and Edmund Blunden at a date when World War I had revived the earlier enthusiasm for a poetry of directly apprehended rustic experience.
For Descartes, the self, like every other substance, is not directly apprehended; it is understood only through its properties.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com