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However, the opposite directions of selection biases and non-differential information biases caused the overall differences to be small.
Given the different magnitudes and directions of selection acting at the Cyp6g1 locus in males and females, it is difficult to predict the invasibility of susceptible populations or how DDT-R frequencies will change in the absence of insecticide selection.
In the X chromosome, the latter effect was expressed particularly strongly, in both directions of selection, in pairs of adjacent and non-adjacent intervals (Table 4; Additional file 1: Table S3 and Additional files 4 and 5).
In other words, in a fluctuating environment, the adaptive fitness-landscape is dynamic and an ever-changing property, which results in continuously changing directions of selection pressure and prevents the species from achieving its maximum metabolic efficiency in any particular environment.
A similar pattern, for either adjacent or non-adjacent pairs of intervals (net- dp- b, dp- b- pk, net- dp_ b- pk, and net- dp_ b- cn), was observed in the 2 L arm for both directions of selection (Additional file 1: Table S3).
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Garland and Kelly (2006) point out that directional selection should support alleles that increase phenotypic plasticity in the direction of selection.
Social niche The selective context in which social behaviour occurs, affecting the strength and direction of selection on it.
Hunt et al. [ 6] suggest that when selective forces act in opposition, variation in the timing, strength and direction of selection can produce a range of possible outcomes.
Only this direction of selection was considered in the previous protocol.
However, when the direction of selection is fluctuating, evolutionary paths are much longer and genotype space is explored further.
However, even if the direction of selection does reverse in this way, traits that were lost in the past may not re-evolve in an identical form (see Dollo's law).
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