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This makes it impossible to draw conclusions about directions of effect in the association of EE and attributions.
Index SNPs in the EHBP1L1 (DBP and MAP), CASZ1 (SBP and MAP), and GOSR2 (PP) loci exhibited the largest age interactions, with opposite directions of effect in the young versus the old.
Through intensive simulations, we demonstrate that the family-based smoothed FPCA (SFPCA) has the correct type I error rates and much more power to detect association of (1) common variants, (2) rare variants, (3) both common and rare variants, and (4) variants with opposite directions of effect from other population-based or family-based association analysis methods.
When compared with the previous studies for RBC traits [7], [8], [9], [10], the directions of effect alleles were the same and the effect sizes of the alleles were comparable to our study (Table 3).
We also note that while the gene signatures for ALS and PD are partially overlapping, that the genes associated with these two diseases may have been highlighted by different SNPs and with different directions of effect (ORs, HRs, or R2 values greater or less than 1).
All directions of effect size and RCI are consistent with the direction of change in health.
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In contrast, the QTL on LG19 had different directions of effects: it had the opposite direction of effect in AFOM (Table S4), whereas it had the expected direction of effect in OFAM (Table 1).
These positive directions of effects are in agreement with the positive effects on longevity previously reported for these SNPs.
Thus, the predictive model must be interpreted as a whole, and the directions of effects not taken out of context.
The directions of effects of the QTL on LG10 and LG14 were the same between the AFOM and OFAM families.
"Across all the pain types I've seen -- heat, cold, chemical, electric -- all show the same direction of effect," Dr. Fillingim said.
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