In some vague way certain theories will point us in the direction of complexity, for example, claiming that as simple molecules accumulated to form a hugely complex molecule like DNA, evolution took a leap into consciousness, and with consciousness came reason, leading to civilization.
Stunning numbers of reversible modifications along with different combinations of modification involving physical interactions of enzymes and regulatory proteins in both directions throws insights of complexity of epigenetic regulation by histone modification (Patra and Szyf 2008; Kouzarides 2007).
Then, in the 1990s, they changed again, this time in the direction of greater complexity.
Because life is constrained to begin with a simple starting point (like bacteria), any diversity resulting from this start, by random walk, will have a skewed distribution and therefore be perceived to move in the direction of higher complexity.
There are several possible explanations for the bias of all three model selection methods in the direction of greater complexity for one of ω, κ or c.
Most misclassifications were 1-step errors (77% and 78%), with a bias in the direction of greater complexity for parameter ω, κ or c.
Among these 1-step wrong models, there was a bias in the direction of greater complexity for one of ω, κ or c; replicates heterogeneous for these parameters were never misclassified as homogenous.
If LUCA was a (nearly) minimal free-living organism, subsequent evolution in each lineage should have generally proceeded in the direction of increasing complexity and, by necessity, would have been dominated by gene gain, via HGT and, to a lesser extent, "invention" of new genes.
Experiment 1 collected 1728 data runs that were exhaustive combinations of the four levels of complexity, nine simulated directions of sound (no direction (i.e., diotical-mono), 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315° azimuth angles at 0° elevation), two repetitions, and 24 participants).
While that might be fine for simple things like asking directions, real meaningful communication has layers of complexity that must be detected and accurately reproduced.
