Sentence examples for directions of cause from inspiring English sources

Secondly, there is the problem of causality regarding neighbourhood social capital, general social trust and ill health, as the cross-sectional design of the study involved no possibility to distinguish the directions of cause and effect.

Depression is also associated with lower capacity to delay gratification, though the direction of cause and effect is not clear.

"One way to determine the direction of cause and effect for these things is to look at the genetics," he says, "because you know the genetics can't be an effect of something else.

Therefore, prospective research is required to clarify the direction of cause and effect [ 40].

Further, prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the associated factors and to clarify the direction of cause and effect.

If an infection was known already by the participant, direction of cause and effect could be both ways.

One limitation of the present study is the cross-sectional design that does not allow conclusions regarding the direction of cause and effect.

Furthermore, this study could not establish the direction of cause and effect due to a cross-sectional design, and longitudinal studies are needed to better describe determinants and consequences of plural healthcare utilization.

This is true regardless of the direction of cause and effect, i.e., whether the host shifts trigger the speciation events or whether the speciation events facilitate the host shifts.

The regression models showed that optimal levels of multidimensional QoL (OPQOL) were consistently associated with more active ageing in each sample, although the direction of cause and effect cannot be confirmed.

Determining the direction of cause and effect is clearly difficult without longitudinal or intervention studies so we cannot be certain of the direction of effect: twins in pain from OA, for example, may modify their dietary content or reduce their caloric consumption.