Preferential pathways of migration within the Atlantic show strong directionality of flow from Western Africa and Morocco toward the Canary Islands, and from Morocco toward Iberian Atlantic populations of the transition zone, with no sign of any entrance of Atlantic flow into the Mediterranean.
Moreover, molecular asymmetries upstream of leftward flow are conceptually not required, as the superficial mesoderm is patterned by the organizer and the directionality of flow is determined by cilia polarization along the anterior-posterior axis (Schweickert et al., 2012).
We fully develop and test a recently introduced methodology to infer the directionality of gene flow based on the concept of geographical segregation.
The idea of tracing the directionality of gene flow via a measure of geographical segregation turns out to be a delicate point.
The PIN-FORMED (PIN) family of proteins is required for auxin efflux from cells, and control directionality of auxin flow [43], which is required for the control of vascular patterning [7].
Previous studies have shown that the fly heart contracts in peristaltic waves that propagate along the heart [5], [18], [26], but there is discrepancy regarding the directionality of hemolymph flow.
Directionality of blood flow cannot be determined with LSI, but because pMCAO included a complete transection of the base of MCA (between the two tightened suture knots), blood flow observed in the cortical branches of MCA (distal to the occlusion) at 24 hours post occlusion, must be flowing (in the reverse direction) from another arterial source via collateral vessels.
The directionality of CSF flow in late larvae is invariant.
Farmer interviews regarding management provide crucial information about the extent and directionality of seed flow and factors influencing selection.
