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To test this, we provided two groups of novice golfers who made consistent and systematic directional errors feedback about the direction and magnitude of the error, while they were either practicing golf putting or practicing perceptual judgments.
Perception training resulted in enhanced perception of direction but did not reduce the directional errors in putting.
First, place fields drift in the dark (Quirk et al. 1990), due to cumulative directional errors coming from the head direction cell and path integration systems (Knierim et al. 1995; McNaughton et al. 2006).
In the prisms studies, errors in perceived direction are artificially induced and usually short-lived, whereas the directional errors in golf putting (or in the perceived direction of the perfect aiming line) occur more generally and are relatively persistent (Cuijpers, Kappers & Koenderink, 2000).
This vector wraps both modulus (speed) and phase (direction) in a single value reducing and reduce the rise of directional errors for small velocities.
Navigation performances on maps were higher and landmarks enable participants to make fewer directional errors and find their routes more efficiently.
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We also considered a measure of directional error based on cursor direction at peak velocity, rather than at movement endpoint.
Removal of the imposed rotation produced an "after-effect", i.e. directional error in the opposite direction to the previously imposed rotation, as previously described [27].
The directional error was obtained by subtracting saccade direction from target direction, i.e. the ideal vector that would have been required to acquire the target.
Directional error was defined as the difference between cursor direction and target direction (β – α in Fig. 2C).
Thus, a +5° directional error corresponds to a saccade with a slightly counterclockwise deviated direction.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com