Depending on the initial stress profile within the interconnect structure and the current flow direction, the threshold required to nucleate void can be rapidly reached under undesired conditions.
In the ' no noise' condition, the QUEST function tracked the basic direction offset threshold in the absence of noise.
These GxEs are different in terms of any data parameter including population, or the direction or threshold of the environmental term constituting the GxE interaction.
This approach exploits additivity of variance, whereby internal noise and external noise contribute independently to an observer's direction discrimination threshold.
In dual-gate OFET, the bias stress induced instability at the top interface is higher than the instability at the bottom interface caused by bias stress, because net direction of threshold voltage shift is similar to the top-gate OFET.
The equivalent noise model describes changes in direction discrimination threshold as a function of external noise: (1) σ o b s 2 = σ int 2 + σ e x t 2 n s a m p where σ o b s 2 is the observer's threshold, σ int 2 is additive internal noise, σ e x t 2 is the external noise added to the stimulus, and nsamp is the effective number of samples used to calculate the mean direction of the stimulus.
Similarly, we found no difference between ASC and control groups in direction discrimination thresholds, for PLDs depicting a walker, a non-biologically moving familiar object, or an inverted frame of a walker.
Individual ROIs were manually defined on colour-coded maps of the main diffusion direction without thresholding.
Similar to ours, the algorithm by Engbert and his colleagues uses information of both eyes and determines direction specific thresholds leading to control ellipses.
Successive flows were considered to be in the same directional group as the corresponding site-mean direction within a threshold angular distance σ from the overall mean direction for the corresponding site-mean directions, where σ is the root-mean-square of the corresponding α 95.
