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Beamforming [8,24], which is a simple and robust means of spatial filtering, can be used to suppress any signal from noise or the direction of reflection; therefore, it is effective for dereverberation [13,25].
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Two pattern models [20] are implemented in this study: 1) a Lambertian model, with the maximum in the direction perpendicular to the surface; 2) a directive model, with the maximum in the direction of specular reflection . a Lambertian model, with the maximum in the direction perpendicular to the surface; a directive model, with the maximum in the direction of specular reflection.
The direction of a reflection event is simple and symmetrical.
This means that the diffuse rays with higher power are located close to the direction of specular reflection.
With reference to the scattering patterns, a backscattering lobe around the direction of specular reflection can be identified for each of the considered items, with an angular amplitude mainly determined by the degree of surface irregularities.
It is consistent, then, that the diffuse rays with higher energy are closer to the direction of specular reflection in this case, while they are more randomly distributed in the warehouse.
A few measurements were conducted for each of the 510 measurement points, and finally the measurement in which the highest reflection wave from the cartilage surface was obtained was considered the acoustic parameter for each point – because the magnitude of signal intensity is greatest when the direction of the reflection wave is perpendicular.
The latter was based on the Ewald construction, still valid for position of diffuse zone, outside of direction of selective reflections in reciprocal space) [16], [25], [27] With the method of separation described above two sets of spectra were obtained: one was a line spectrum and the other ring spectrum or diffuse scattering spectra.
On the other hand, when a secondary reflection acts as the source for a tertiary reflection emerging in the direction of the primary reflection, the intensity can be modified by constructive or destructive interference.
Occurrence of the additional separate reflections in azimuthal direction of the initial reflection (220)γ testified on the formation of new grains during the diffusive α γ transformation (Fig. 3).
The scattering lobe is steered toward the direction of the specular reflection.
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