The direction of gene flow appears to be exclusively from Neanderthals to modern humans, as there is no evidence of modern human genes in the Neanderthal genome.
To determine the direction of gene flow consistent with the data, we took advantage of the fact that non-Africans are more distantly related to San than to Yoruba (73 75) (Table 4).
Eighty percent of this specific gene set was co-regulated coherently between males and females, i.e. no difference in the direction of gene regulation.
Our results show that many major RPGs are species-specific and in the direction of gene gain rather than gene loss when compared to humans.
Because GO comparisons do not take into account the magnitude or direction of gene regulation (up or down), all HVC markers were included in the analysis.
Because the statistical treatment provided highly confident results even for minimal threshold ratio-values of 0.65±0.1 (theoretical modulation of 1.5 fold), the direction of gene regulation rather than the ratio values was considered for further analysis.
To assess the HIV-1 population dynamic within patient S4, the direction of gene flow among virodemes in late PBMC samples and post-mortem tissues was tracked (Figure 5).
Arrows indicate direction of gene regulation in hibernating black bears.
Additionally, merely a best match does not necessarily provide insights into the direction of gene flow.
However, the direction of gene flow between the domesticated silkworm and wild silkworm is still unknown.
