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Negative acceleration stress occurs when the direction of acceleration is from feet to head.
Transverse acceleration stress occurs when the direction of acceleration is sideways with relation to the long axis of the body.
Three kinds of acceleration stress are distinguished positive, negative, and transverse according to the position of the body with relation to the direction of acceleration.
Positive acceleration stress occurs when the direction of acceleration is along the long axis of the body from head to foot.
Except in the polar regions, this means orthogonal to the direction of acceleration due to gravity, or simply horizontal.
When the direction of acceleration was shifted 15 degrees left, the responses in the left eye disappeared.
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A rigorous parametric study has been carried out to understand the effect of various parameters such as amplitude of base acceleration, direction of vertical acceleration, soil shear resistance angle, soil-wall friction angle, wall inclination, frequency ratio, and damping ratio on the seismic active earth pressure.
If the dot product of the displacement and the normalized acceleration, ( l = r · a/|a| ), is above a predefined threshold ( lmin ), the direction of the acceleration for the next Δt interval will be updated to the direction of the displacement; otherwise, a is updated with a randomly chosen direction.
Hence, a particle moving in a direction of increasing acceleration has, on average, smaller δ a / a than when moving in the opposite direction, or in reversed time.
When plotted with normalized frequency ratio (Fig. 6), it is noted that the critical direction of vertical acceleration changes when the normalized frequency of the shear wave approaches the natural frequency of the backfill.
Diagram shows the direction of surging acceleration Y, recorded by a D2GT logger placed on a shark, and gravity g ( ms-2), angle of surge axis of the logger to horizon, that of longitudinal axis to horizon defined as pitch angle (negative as the shark descends), and logger attachment angle.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com