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A remarkable feature of the constrained systems is that the so-called control direction is unknown, or in other words, the signs of control gains are unknown.
In practical applications, usually the target direction is unknown and needs to be estimated using a source localization algorithm [39, 40] so that estimation errors must be expected.
The maximum SNR beamformer has the advantage of being available when the source direction is unknown because it requires no information about the sound direction such as its steering vectors.
Though it is enough to predict the length of M →, its direction is unknown, so we are not able to distinguish whether the moving acceleration is caused by speeding up or slowing down.
An example to construct the formulation of the correlation weight joint data vector js i,w) is shown in Figure 4 when the coregistration error is μ(0 ≤ μ ≤ 1) pixels and its direction is unknown.
The separation in the radial direction is unknown, so this is a lower limit on the true separation.
Similar(46)
The pump is driven by the binding and hydrolysis of cytoplasmic ATP, the cell's energy-carrying molecule, but how it binds to LPSs from the inner membrane and pumps them only in the outward direction was unknown.
The firing time, shooter position, and shooting direction are unknown parameters.
Compared with the existing results, a new error transformation method is presented, and the knowledge of the quantization parameters and the control directions are unknown in the control design.
The primary motivation for this development is to automate and accelerate the computation in 3-D problems where the rates of delamination growth in different directions are unknown a priori and in problems involving contact between delaminated surfaces.
The specific mechanism and circumstances through which AR and ER regulate RORA in opposite directions are unknown and require further study.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com