Fig. 5. Energy spectra from the magneto tail, at XMSO positions between −2.8 and −0.6 RM, summed over a region one bin (0.2RM) wide in the X direction, and summed over radial distances up to 1RM.
If one half beam has to travel a path 1/2 wavelength or 3/2 or 5/2 wavelength longer than the other, then the superposition yields no light at all because the electric and magnetic fields of every half wave train in the two half beams point in opposite directions and their sum is therefore zero.
Results of the mean basic vibration measurements were for the x, y, z-direction and vector sum 0.14, 0.22, 0.28 and 0.49 m/s2 respectively; almost all crest factors (CF), MTVV and VDV values were above the critical ratios given in ISO 2631-1.
At the group level, a combined group Z-value (Zg) was first computed using the Stouffer method for each pair of ROIs and direction (adding all Zi for each pair of ROIs and direction and dividing the sum by the square root of the number of participants) [44].
If the road is a freeway with many lanes one may consider splitting the two driving directions into two line sources and sum the pollution from the two directions taking into account the centre-to-centre distance between the lane directions.
For eight-channel data, before dereverberation, delay-and-sum BF with a direction of arrival estimation by CSP analysis was performed, which used a total of 8 C 2(=28) pairs of microphones.
Here V represents the cell membrane potential or voltage, D is a tensor defining the local orientation of the muscle fibers as well as the diffusivity along and against the fiber direction, and Iion is the sum of the various transmembrane ion currents, dictated by a single-cell cardiac electrophysiology model.
For each item, the raw score were coded, 10 of which were re-coded in the opposite direction, summed, and transformed according to the standard SF-36 scoring algorithm [ 26].
For each recorded vDSGC in J, maximal ON and OFF firing rates in each direction were summed and used to generate a single DSI vector for each cell.
Delay-and-sum beamforming and null beamforming are methods that emphasize or suppress the signal from a specific direction.
