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To meaningfully correlate these undirected variables with the directed variables Δtype and Δlevel, we reduced the latter two variables to their magnitude, that is, their absolute values, |Δtype| and |Δlevel|.
The δ terms are related to the main effects and interaction effects as follows: [ δ 1 δ 2 ] = [ β 1 1 β 2 1 β 1 2 β 2 2 ] - 1 · [ β 12 1 β 12 2 ] The δ terms are then translated into directed variables defining the marker-to-marker influences m12 and m21.
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That information is used to direct variable-rate applicators that can tailor the amount of fertilizer or pesticide needed in each part of a field.
While some have advocated a soil-based management zones (MZ) approach as a means to direct variable N applications and improve NUE, this method disregards yearly variation in weather.
Because of their reliability, ease of measurement and flexibility, geospatial ECa data will undoubtedly contribute a significant portion of the spatial soils-related information needed to direct variable-rate equipment.
Drawing on a socio-cognitive theory, the theory of planned behavior, this research investigates whether the direct variables of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, help predict consumers' boycott intention.
Direct variables obtained were time and displacement between each of the points of the three intervals.
They found a combined effect of these three indirect and direct variables.
Step 1: direct variables of the Theory of Planned behavior (TPB).
It is also important to look more broadly at social and environmental contexts and take into account direct variables, such as those related to commitment to exercise among older women, sedentary people, and patients with multiple diseases and functional deficits.
This approach integrates ecological, social, and biological variables in the analysis, with the idea that these determinants operate through a common set of either 'proximate' (intermediate or indirect) or 'underlying' (direct) variables that impact on HIV/TB child mortality (8, 25– 25).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com