The key is moving the centre of gravity in the decision-making, moving it closer to people in the community, in the field, and so forth – and away from a centrally directed, top-down approach.
She says that given how much things have improved for women in the past century, it is "a little surprising to find so many elite women still arguing passionately for directed, top-down social change change designed to improve things for female elites".Most people agree that more needs to change in the workplace.
In contrast to the recognition unit, in the action execution unit, the information flow is directed top-down from higher to lower levels.
In "high-state" societies, where triple helix relationships have traditionally been directed top-down, bottom-up initiatives appear in conjunction with the emergence of regions, and the growth of civil society.
Unlike past studies of cultural differences involving visual processing, our study involved passive viewing rather than directed top-down processing (e.g., "memorize this picture", "make a judgment about this picture", etc).
Another possibility is that the size-inverted response in LIM arises from a less direct, top-down influence from frontal or parietal cortex.
DAN is considered to mediate goal-directed (top-down) processing for stimuli selection and responses and involved in many higher-order cognitive tasks [ 34].
In goal-directed top-down attention paradigms, expected perceptive contents are categorized as relevant or irrelevant information within a tenth of second (Thorpe et al., 1996; Rousselet et al., 2007; for review see Klimesch, 2011).
Endogenous orienting, on the other hand, is understood as a voluntary, intentional focus of attention to a specific location, usually guided by a symbolic cue (also referred to a goal directed, controlled, top-down) [10], [11].
The boss directs from top down, delegating what is to be done by the laboratory group.
Top down: a single interface is used for direct control of any server/camera and high-level processing (e.g., user-defined face recognition).
