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In other words, directed thinking can reach a solution only by going through a properly ordered succession of "legitimate steps".
Early in the 20th century, the French physician Édouard Claparède and the American philosopher John Dewey both suggested that directed thinking proceeds by "implicit trial-and-error".
If such a sequence is aimed at the solution of a specific problem and fulfills the criteria for reasoning, it is called directed thinking.
We believe this paper contributes to the understanding of future expectancies and their relation with anxiety and depression, and will help to expand the availability of an instrument to assess future directed thinking.
To solve a mental puzzle, the brain's executive control network for externally focused, goal-oriented thinking must activate, while the network for internally directed thinking like daydreaming must be turned down to avoid interference – or so we thought.
Early in the 20th century, the French physician Édouard Claparède and the American philosopher John Dewey both suggested that directed thinking proceeds by "implicit trial-and-error". That is to say, it resembles the process whereby laboratory animals, confronted with a novel problem situation, try out one response after another until they sooner or later hit upon a response that leads to success.
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Unable to accept the immoral, unjust laws which determine politics here, Thomas More directed his thinking elsewhere, to Utopia.
They don't put employees or boot campers in showers at Jump, but they sometimes avoid the sort of directed group thinking that Osborn championed.
In autism there is evidence for reduced functional connectivity of the default network, a large-scale brain network involved in social and emotional processing, with intact connectivity of the task-positive network, used in sustained attention and goal-directed thinking.
The research area of healthy aging is commonly addressed by a biomedical approach and has so far been dominated by "disease-directed" thinking [ 3].
"I put myself forward to direct something thinking that they might say yes in a couple of years and that if they did say yes they might start me off with something light or something simpler or more obscure," she said.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com