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Coutureau, E. & Killcross, S. Inactivation of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex reinstates goal-directed responding in overtrained rats.
We suggest that habitual action selection can direct responding properly only in motivational states which pertained during behavioral training.
The hectic nature of ward life had the consequence that routine practice was described by staff as being primarily directed at responding to what was immediately presented with priority given to diagnostic, observational and inter-disciplinary assessment and care planning.
The results of both experiments indicate that the CS-directed responding in the paired CS US condition was Pavlovian in nature.
Unexpectedly, both habitual and goal-directed responding occurred during abstinent testing.
The observed goal-directed responding stands in contrast with experimenter-administered psychostimulant experiments leading to habit formation in responding for sucrose [9] [11].
Furthermore, habitual or goal-directed responding may have been induced by cues that differed in their correlation with the cocaine infusion.
The ability of the SD to engender goal-directed responding may have been due to its unique, near 1.0 correlation with response contingent cocaine infusions and consequently, its unmatched prediction of reward in the current paradigm.
He did as directed and responded as expected: he shook, convulsed, and swooned.
The Russian defence ministry said on its website that it considered the "actions of the Turkish air force as an unfriendly act", adding that it was "designing a complex of measures directed to respond such incidents".
This analysis has allowed us to profile genome wide transcriptional changes giving an overview of the molecular processes and pathways most affected and identifying a set of putative direct target genes responding to mechanical stimulation during ossification and joint formation.
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