For instance, a strain devoid of the apoptotic machinery or overexpressing superoxide dismutase (and therefore with diminished levels of superoxide) shows an initial advantage in a direct over-time competition assay with a wild type strain; however, it gets finally outcompeted by the wild type strain because it accumulates damaged or unfit cells [ 17, 18].
By analysis of linear-linear and log-log plots, one can distinguish diffusive, restrained, and directed motions over time and calculate an apparent diffusion coefficient for the diffusive component of any motion (Elmore et al., 2005; Fiebig et al., 2006).
This model describes how randomly directed steps over time can produce movement in a specific direction.
MCPS solutions require a flexible rewards engine that can manage and direct participation over time.
In addition to signs of physical deterioration, more attention should be directed to documenting over-time changes in psychospiritual distress.
Other dominant themes and indicators of risk from the interviews with the mothers were the overwhelming feelings of guilt and hostility (Baradon et al., 2008), and these too may become more entrenched and infant-directed over time if adequate provision is not made to intervene in this process.
Twitter may give Gnip permission to send additional data, like @replies and direct messages, over time (if that last sentence doesn't mean anything to you, it means you aren't a crazy-heavy Twitter user, just disregard it).
At the core of these controversies is accounting for environmental influences that act on wild fish stocks, because environmental trends also have a potential to cause directed phenotypic changes over time.
In addition, the analysis is complicated by the time dimension: direct benefits over time transform into land rent [84].
We observed an increase of direct participation over time on both informational and executable artifacts, while the number of technical experts was more or less constant.
The link between oil prices and gas prices is partial, rather than direct, but over time they have moved in tandem.
