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This problem is relevant to recent experimental observations of the dynamics of opposingly directed invasion waves of cells.
Directed invasion between co-culture aggregates and augmented angiogenesis in the absence of early contact suggests a paracrine mechanism for the observed results.
What this means is that more so than previous electrotaxis assays, where cells have gone from random or non-motile behaviors, our assays must be considered as moving from one form of directed invasion to another.
In the 55 years since the Korean Peninsula was divided after World War II, the North has directed invasion, infiltration and terrorism against the South and both sides have employed vitriolic propaganda against each other.
Similarly, treatment of AGS cells with 10 μ M 2ME2 led to a significant suppression of directed invasion to 17% compared with invasion of vehicle-treated cells.
Indeed, perivascular macrophages have been shown to express CXCL12 [ 54], and thus a local gradient of CXCL12 leading towards blood vessels could stimulate directed invasion around vessels.
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Chu, C.-Y. et al. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in stromal-cell-derived factor 1 alpha-directed invasion of human basal cell carcinoma cells.
Pulmonary involvement can either appear as lymphangitis carcinomatosa (due to direct invasion of the pulmonary lymphatics) or as pulmonary nodules (due to haematogenous spread) [22, 24].
The gallbladder has unique anatomic features that are conducive to direct invasion of surrounding structures.
Joint involvement is second in frequency and may be secondary to direct invasion from an adjacent focus of TB osteomyelitis or even may result from haematogenous dissemination.
It seems, therefore, that there may be a critical interconnectivity threshold for persistent, directed cell invasion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com