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Fisher's exact test was used when appropriate in two-by-two tables with directed hypothesis.
Because there are still different hypotheses on hyper- and hypodopamine deviances in central metabolism in ADHD [ 25] and TIQ have never been examined in ADHD, there is no directed hypothesis in our pilot study, i.e. it is unclear if the four TIQ derivatives under investigation are normal or enhanced versus reduced in the urine of children and adolescents with ADHD compared to healthy controls.
An analysis with SPM offers many advantages (no data reduction and thus no directed hypothesis testing and an easier graphical way to communicate results of 1D time series), but a clear distinction within a cluster, of differences in magnitudes or timing would need post-hoc scalar tests.
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More directed hypotheses attempting to delineate the relationship between particular cognitive constructs and specific everyday abilities involving those constructs may increase the ecological validity of neuropsychological tests.
A parametric design was chosen wherein four differently graded contrasts of a flickering checkerboard were presented, allowing directed hypotheses about the rank order of the evoked hemodynamic response amplitudes.
Such studies can be conducted using, not only DTI, but also complementary techniques such as post-mortem histological evaluation, which require directed hypotheses such as those generated here.
For post hoc t-tests and correlations, one-tailed P-values were considered in case of directed hypotheses.
Unless indicated in the following, we had no directed hypotheses regarding particular rating response patterns for any of the subgroups, sexes and issues studied.
Because we had directed hypotheses for both SCR and RT effects, a 1-tailed threshold of P = 0.05 was used throughout, unless indicated otherwise.
Being a useful guide for identification and filling of knowledge gaps, these metabolic networks have been used toward simulation of the cellular behavior under different genetic and physiological conditions, contextualization of high-throughput data, directing hypothesis driven discovery, interrogation of multi-species relationships and topological analysis (See [ 17] for an extensive review).
There are several applications of reconstructions including: 1) contextualization of high-throughput data, 2) directing hypothesis-driven discovery, and 3) network property discovery [ 1].
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