Inflammation, a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators directed against harmful stimuli, is closely associated with many human diseases.
Natalie Molnar, who founded the Mulan petition, writes that so-called whitewashing has a "direct, harmful impact on not only the movie itself but the audience".
These results indicated that direct harmful impacts of TiO2 NPs on BBB integrity were presented during the acute and long-term exposure.
Intuitively, for this result to hold, advertising must have a direct harmful effect ((k<1)), but in addition, region (III) requires the quality differential of the publicly owned platform to be sufficiently large.
Otherwise, the recent policies mentioned in the introduction that are used by some EU countries would not necessarily be welfare-enhancing even if advertising has a direct harmful effect.
This can be explained by the fact that the criterion of total revenue is defined by merely the pecuniary revenue of every taxi trip, and higher monetary revenue usually corresponds to excessive driving time and mileage as well as great externalities such as congestion and environmental pollution, which exerts more direct harmful effect to the whole industry.
Recently, it has been suggested that SSRIs added to platelet impaired function may have a direct harmful effect on the GI tract mucosa based on observations by Takeuchi et al. [37].
Also, no direct harmful effect of cortisol on the brain or hippocampus could be demonstrated neither by neurophysiological studies nor brain imaging.
This is partially due to either accumulated damage to mitochondrial DNA or direct harmful effects of oxidative stress and/or Aβ on mitochondrial components.
The catabolic properties of IL-7 negatively affect the cartilage in at least 3 ways: inflammation-driven joint destruction, T cell-driven bone loss, and direct, harmful effects on cartilage (van Roon and Lafeber 2008).
As a pathophysiological explanation for these epidemiological findings, Faul et al. could show that FGF-23 exerts direct harmful pro-hypertrophic effects on myocardial tissue in vivo and in vitro [ 16].
