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Partial directed coherence was calculated in the frequency range of 2 - 100 Hz to estimate the directed coupling between all voxels.
In the present study we used PDC to analyze the directed coupling between all pairs of voxels in a frequency range from 2 to 100 Hz.
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Two important directed coupling indicators are the directed transfer function (DTF) and the partial directed coherence (PDC), both distinguishing between source and target by indicating a direction of the dependency.
In particular, hierarchical multiscale methods are computationally powerful as no direct coupling between the scales is given.
The optical coupling using the lens on the fiber end is 67% more efficient than with direct coupling between the fiber and the waveguide.
This leads to a direct coupling between damage and plasticity and allows the model to capture the ductile/brittle behaviour transition occurring when clays are drying.
Even though Mqr and Mqq are of the same order of magnitude, the effect of direct coupling between the qubits is inhibited by their strong dephasing (see Methods section).
The modified code (MIN3P-D) provides a direct coupling between density-dependent fluid flow, solute transport, contaminant treatment, and geochemical reactions.
Reliable indicators of the direct coupling between the solar wind disturbances and the temperature short-term variations in the high-latitude stratosphere are presented.
While traditional scaling theories are mostly based on hydrodynamics similarity, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aided approach allows direct coupling between hydrodynamics and reaction factors and is expected to speed up the experiment-based scale-up process with lower cost.
The growth equations and their computed standard-state free energy yields are appended to the thermodynamic database used in conventional geochemical reaction path modeling, providing a direct coupling between chemical species participating in both microbial growth and geochemical reactions.
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