Sentence examples for direct vaporization from inspiring English sources

However, the binary high temperature systems are investigated featuring either a direct vaporization of the metal within the receiver or a liquid receiver cooling loop with the working fluid vaporized in a proper heat exchanger.

JVD metal sources are based on techniques such as glow discharge sputtering or direct vaporization, which can deposit nearly every metal in the Periodic Table, with no toxic metal precursors or harmful exhausts.

Under laser irradiation a solid target will undergo several phenomena simultaneously: direct vaporization of the solid forming a rapidly expanding plasma [33], direct fragmentation of the bulk solid into nanoparticles [34], and material melt forming a thin (few microns thick) molten pool that will explosively boil at high laser intensity and eject microspheres [35].

This may be challenging but very possible, considering the fact that the (10,0) tube was successfully produced by many means, such as by direct laser vaporization [38], electric arc technique [39], and chemical vapor deposition [40], and can be selected from mixed or disordered samples using a DNA-based separation process [41].

The turbulent intensity was influenced by the turbulent velocity and had direct effects on the vaporization flux.

Accurate modeling of bubble growth is needed to design fuel injectors that take full advantage of the potential of flash boiling sprays to reduce drop sizes and to promote fuel vaporization in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines.

Further, ethanol's high sensitivity to charge temperature makes charge cooling, which can be produced by fuel vaporization via direct injection or by piston expansion via spark-timing retard, very effective for inhibiting knock.

The atoms or molecules of a liquid or solid are held together by cohesive forces, and these forces must be overcome in separating the atoms or molecules to form the vapour; the heat of vaporization is a direct measure of these cohesive forces.

In the present work, practical and direct expressions of the heat of vaporization for mixtures are proposed newly.

Vaporization – the solid sample vaporizes to a gas.

The vaporization mass fluxes were determined by direct measurement of the mass loss during the experiment.