Sentence examples for direct surrogates for from inspiring English sources

The results showed observation operators significantly improved the predictions compared to when using spatial averages of uplands as the direct surrogates for gullies.

Microarray values represent the levels of gene transcripts (i.e., mRNAs), and are routinely used as direct surrogates for gene expression in most GS methods developed to date, including all the methods cited above.

Urinary concentrations are usually treated, implicitly or explicitly, as direct surrogates for intake rates.

In these analyses, urinary concentrations are implicitly assumed to be direct surrogates for relevant chemical exposure levels.

MR characteristics cannot be used as direct surrogates for water content in the immature rat model of hydrocephalus, probably because they are also influenced by other changes in tissue composition that occur during brain maturation.

In studies relying on urinary biomarker concentrations for exposure characterization, including most analyses of biomarker concentrations and health outcomes based on the NHANES data sets, biomarker concentrations are usually regarded as direct surrogates for exposure level.

While previous studies have shown associations between anthropogenic change and pathogen presence, results show that poorer economic conditions may act as a direct surrogate for environmental characteristics related to WNV prevalence.

In contrast, the TEE uses the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) as a more direct surrogate for LVEDP and is now a commonly used monitor for this application [ 9].

Failure to emphasise the differing data needs that VA methods are attempting to address can result in a narrow assumption that VA is a direct surrogate for Western-style cause-of-death determination.

The former considers that the gene transcript abundance is a direct surrogate entity for its protein (or protein function).

These data may suggest that the presence of anti-JCV antibodies is not a direct surrogate marker for JCV exposure but rather a marker of increased viral burden in an individual due to either an ongoing infection or periodic reactivation of the virus from latency.