Sentence examples for direct surrogate for from inspiring English sources
Lipiodol: a potential direct surrogate for cone-beam computed tomography image guidance in radiotherapy of liver tumor.
CONCLUSIONS: Lipiodol could be used as a direct surrogate for CBCT image guidance to improve the localization accuracy for RT of liver tumors.
PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of using lipiodol as a direct surrogate for target localization using cone-beam CT (CBCT) image guidance in radiotherapy (RT) of patients with unresectable liver tumors after transarterial chemoembolization.
While previous studies have shown associations between anthropogenic change and pathogen presence, results show that poorer economic conditions may act as a direct surrogate for environmental characteristics related to WNV prevalence.
Failure to emphasise the differing data needs that VA methods are attempting to address can result in a narrow assumption that VA is a direct surrogate for Western-style cause-of-death determination.
In contrast, the TEE uses the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) as a more direct surrogate for LVEDP and is now a commonly used monitor for this application [ 9].
The results showed observation operators significantly improved the predictions compared to when using spatial averages of uplands as the direct surrogates for gullies.
Microarray values represent the levels of gene transcripts (i.e., mRNAs), and are routinely used as direct surrogates for gene expression in most GS methods developed to date, including all the methods cited above.
Urinary concentrations are usually treated, implicitly or explicitly, as direct surrogates for intake rates.
In these analyses, urinary concentrations are implicitly assumed to be direct surrogates for relevant chemical exposure levels.
In studies relying on urinary biomarker concentrations for exposure characterization, including most analyses of biomarker concentrations and health outcomes based on the NHANES data sets, biomarker concentrations are usually regarded as direct surrogates for exposure level.
