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These have often been motivated more by considerations in the philosophy of mind than by epistemology, though their epistemological implications have at least tended to be in the direction of naive —or direct — realism.
In contrast to traditional realism, direct realism holds that physical objects themselves are perceived "directly".
Indeed, it was because of such difficulties that Moore, in his last published paper, "Visual Sense-Data" (1957), abandoned direct realism.
The Depression-era movement known as Social Realism adopted a similarly harsh and direct realism in its depictions of the injustices and evils of American society during that period.
Although developed in response to the failure of direct realism, the theory of representative realism is in essence an old view; its best-known exponent in modern philosophy was Locke.
In defending the independence of known things, new realism affirmed that in cognition "the content of knowledge, that which lies in or before the mind when knowledge takes place, is numerically identical with the thing known" (a form of direct realism).
Similar(7)
Thus Dilthey is not merely replacing a representational phenomenalism with a direct perceptual realism.
Second, when applied to standard exteroception, sense-datum theories don't seem to support the perceptual direct (naíve) realism of common sense at all.
Realists developed two main responses to this challenge: direct (or "naive") realism and representative realism, also called the "causal theory".
In that understanding, an attitude that is known to philosophers as direct, or "naive," realism is well established.
But a careful reading of the text reveals that nothing is said to deny his earlier support for subjectivism and there are no direct endorsements of realism.
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