Interventions in infectious diseases can have more than just direct protective effects in the individuals receiving the intervention (6).
Direct protective proteins such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, osmotin, antifreeze proteins, chaperones, and mRNA-binding proteins are also produced under stress condition.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes; however, a direct protective effect of tight glycemic control remains unproven.
Direct protective factors predict a low probability of violence, whereas buffering protective factors predict a low probability of violence in the presence of risk (and often interact with risk factors).
The development of work on direct protective factors for youth violence has been delayed by conceptual and methodologic problems that have constrained the design, execution, and interpretation of prevention research.
The cellular mechanisms whereby metformin, the first line drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), mediates its antidiabetic effects remain elusive, particularly as to whether metformin has a direct protective action on the vasculature.
In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MDSCs possess a direct protective role in T cell-mediated hepatitis, and increasing the frequency of MDSCs by either adoptive transfer or glucocorticoid treatment represents a potential cell-based therapeutic strategy for the acute inflammatory disease.
Path analysis results indicate that when a mixture of dimensions of employment-based social capital are present, they act as significant direct protective factors in decreasing job stress and indirectly shape burnout and intent to leave differently based on organizational tenure.
VEGF provides direct protective effects on neurons [4], [5] and enhances neurite outgrowth [6].
Since our results so far indicated a direct protective effect of PKCα inhibition on nephrin expression and proteinuria development we wanted to delineate the underlying mechanisms.
Recent evidence indicates that HDL-C/apoA-I exerts direct protective effects on adult cardiomyocytes under various stresses through signal pathways that are unrelated to cholesterol transportation [10], [11], [12].
