Though it has grown in wild new directions, the underlying concept is simple: using software to direct projections onto three-dimensional objects, shapes, and protrusions, anything but a flat screen.
The STN not only projects to the basal ganglia output regions but also sends direct projections to the SNc (Smith et al. 1990; Iribe et al., 1999; Figure 1).
In his biography of Daniel Defoe, Maximillian E Novak sees these characters as direct projections of their author.
In addition, inhibitory influences upon these cells are conveyed by direct projections from Purkinje cells in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum.
Therefore, we suggest that the amygdala is capable of inducing AS via direct projections to AS-Generator neurons in the NPO.
Apparently, the AcbSh mediates activity in the lateral hypothalamus, both through direct projections and by altering the firing rate of neurons in the interposed medial ventral pallidum.
In general, direct projections from light-responsive ipRGCs synapse on SCN neurons giving rise to the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), with additional sparse projections to other hypothalamic nuclei.
The influence on granule cells is indirect, through hilar mossy cells and GABAergic neurons of the dentate gyrus, and appears to include direct projections in the case of CA3c pyramidal cells of ventral hippocampus.
Additionally, enclosed rooms were more likely to elicit exit decisions and activated the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC the region within the cingulate gyrus with direct projections from the amygdala.
The midbrain superior colliculus also is sensitive to such stimuli, exhibits sensory responses with latencies reliably less than those of dopaminergic neurons, and, in rat, has been shown to send direct projections to regions of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area containing dopaminergic neurons (e.g. pars compacta).
This idea was cast into doubt by a series of anatomical studies that did not find any direct projections to the hippocampus from the olfactory bulb.
