Exact(1)
As direct outcomes on health are hard to measure, we estimated the effects by studying all cause mortality using a newly developed health impact model to integrate recently developed tools, existing data from scientific studies, and local data.
Similar(59)
Ashkar said he's hopeful that the challenge winners' influence will extend beyond "just the direct outcome on refugees".
For example, the relevant direct outcome for the question on the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis before hospital discharge in preventing further cases among contacts (Question A) would be the incidence of subsequent cases in household contacts of the IMD patients who received antibiotics prior to discharge from hospital.
HU remains a standard cytoreduction therapy in PV, and it is important to recognize that HU resistance increases both LT and MF transformation risk (HR 6.8; 95% CI, 3.0 15.4%, P<0.001), whereas HU intolerance has no direct effect on outcomes.
Although the necessity for mediation of a direct effect on outcomes has since been questioned (criterion 3 [ 20, 32]), Baron and Kenny's [ 31] causal steps framework is still the most widely used approach to testing mediation in the social sciences [ 33].
The majority of studies on newborn resuscitation have focussed on less direct outcomes such as participants' knowledge and skills [5], [9], [10].
In a recent German trial, internet based data sampling showed an additional response bias but had no direct effect on outcome scales [ 38].
27 ACTIVE hypothesised that each of three intervention arms (memory, reasoning and visual processing speed training) would have a direct effect on targeted, trained outcomes (proximal outcomes) and non-specific effects on its non-targeted, untrained outcomes (via social contact or cognitive engagement mechanisms).
In addition to its direct effect on perinatal outcomes, smoking during pregnancy has a role as a potential mediator of socioeconomic differences in these outcomes [ 8– 10].
This finding indicates that the verbal and nonverbal cues of agent enthusiasm has a more direct effect on cognitive outcomes.
During all game probes the behavior of the players had a direct effect on the outcomes and results of the game.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com