PAG volume expansion may be the direct impairment evidence on the brain in EM, and could be considered as a diagnostic and evaluated imaging biomarker in migraine.
In EM patients, PAG volume showed no any correlation with the clinical variable, and this point indicated PAG volume expansion may be the direct impairment in EM and may be associated with pathological substrates [13].
Nicolson & Fawcett [35] propose a direct impairment of balance and motor skills due to cerebellum impairment in dyslexia.
Mutations can cause a lack of function by direct impairment of protein activity, by a lack of protein expression or by its incorrect trafficking.
To our surprise, although the total number of NeuN-positive neurons did not change under either SNL or SNL + L-AA treatment, the activation of neurons was suppressed by L-AA treatment, possibly via an indirect way other than L-AA's direct impairment to neurons.
The direct impairment of the proliferative and metabolic activity of osteoblasts is mediated by a number of different mechanisms.
Direct impairment of the quantity system would result in failure on both non-symbolic and symbolic numerical tasks, whereas a disconnection should leave purely non-symbolic tasks intact.
Furthermore, the interactions between the NLS and Kpna1/Kpna6 were not affected by the W255G substitution, excluding the possibility of a direct impairment of the NLS Kpna1/Kpna6 interaction.
Thus, our data suggest a mechanistic difference when comparing the consequences between eliminating adaptor cargo interactions with a direct impairment of motor functions.
This suggests that some other mechanisms besides radiation-induced direct impairment to urothelium may be involved in radiation-induced pathogenetic changes at the early phase of RIBI.
