Heparanase cDNA cloned in pcDNA3 vector was used to direct high levels of expression in mammalian cells, driven by a strong viral (CMV) promoter.
In other instances, viral-derived promoter sequences are known to direct high levels of gene expression in a wide array of dicot and monocot species.
These enhancer elements could be used to design synthetic promoters that could direct high levels of expression while maintaining cell specificity and responsiveness to Pi- or N-deprivation.
The ability of constitutive promoters to direct high levels of transgene expression can be a limiting factor when temporal and spatial gene expression patterns are required to achieve manipulation of specific plant organs or developmental stages.
To compensate for this, we tested the commercial pCold-II vector [ 24], and utilized its cspA promoter to direct high levels of cold-shock induced expression in E. coli.
Another pox virus vector, the recombinant canarypox virus termed ALVAC, is unable to produce a productive infection in mammalian cells, but can direct high levels of transgene expression, making it a potentially useful vector for immunotherapy [ 54].
Plasmid pGBKT7 contains an ADH1 promoter which directs high level expression of fusion protein in yeast; it also contains a T7 promoter and a c-Myc epitope tag.
Not surprisingly, partly because of the blow to its pride, the Iranian government rejected the offer of direct, high-level talks as insincere.
The day after flights were grounded, the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued an aggrieved statement claiming that the British had made their decision "unilaterally, without consulting with Egypt," despite all the direct high-level communication that had taken place.
With Pakistani civilian and military leaders meeting with Obama administration officials this week in Washington — and with The Times report on Tuesday that Afghan and Taliban leaders are holding direct, high-level talks to end the war — cutting through this Gordian knot has become more urgent and more difficult than ever before.
