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Cingoz, A. et al. Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet.
Moreover, the modular structure of the planner provides a direct frequency characterization of the motion law.
This effectively moves the detection of electron spins from the indirect to the direct frequency dimension, thereby improving both frequency resolution and detection sensitivity.
The iterative method using real modes is more efficient than direct frequency response method.
In such cases, a direct frequency shaping method such as the H∞ control is suitable for the controller design.
Second, the direct frequency response method is derived and proven to get the analytical solution of PSDF.
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We also study modifiers with a direct, frequency-independent deleterious fitness effect.
Under direct, frequency-dependent transmission (ε = 1), the relationship between the initial prevalence growth rate and peak prevalence was variable, and host extinction was a much more probable outcome when compared to the other functional forms of transmission (Figure 3, column 3).
Direct frequency-dependent selection can be introduced in the model by incorporation of epidemiological or ecological factors ([ 32], Table 1).
We show that migration generates negative direct frequency-dependent selection, a condition for maintenance of stable polymorphism in each deme.
However, an important recent theoretical result is that direct frequency-dependent selection (FDS), in which the contribution of an allele to fitness depends on its own frequency, is necessary for balanced polymorphism to be maintained [ 15].
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