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Different methods for sampling of culture filtrate were examined, and it was found that direct filtration without cooling of the sample was the most appropriate.
For surface waters with low turbidity and colour, however, a process of direct filtration, which is not preceded by sedimentation, may be used.
Direct filtration was not feasible for the clay samples due to filter clogging.
Drinking water treatment plants are commonly designed with coagulation direct filtration, or with nanofiltration spiral-wound membrane processes.
Drinking water treatment plants are commonly designed with coagulation direct filtration or with NF spiral wound membrane processes.
Extraction can be achieved by centrifugation (e.g. [55, 82, 96]), centrifugation followed by filtration of the supernatant (e.g. [83, 94]), or direct filtration (e.g. [84, 89]).
Similar(47)
Modeling of direct flow filtration data revealed that early stage fouling was indicative of a cake formation pore blocking mechanism, which was followed by cake layer growth.
Graphene films (G films) were obtained by direct vacuum filtration of a highly dispersed graphene suspension (G suspension) on filter paper.
Background: The role of environmental exposure to lead as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression remains controversial, and most studies have been limited by a lack of direct glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement.
After incubation for 2 hr at 4°C, all the fractions were filtered by the direct vacuum filtration method (MultiScreenHTS HV, 0.45 μm pore size; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) for the B/F separation (the separation of receptor-bound ligand from free ligand) (Nakai et al. 1999).
Direct-flow filtration combines a filtration cycle operating in dead-end mode with regular intermittent backwashes.
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