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That potential €17bn bill represents a direct exposure for Italian taxpayers and – critically – it is so large because holders of the senior bonds, or IOUs, in the two ailing banks aren't being wiped out.
We routinely extended the TTO into the intramedullary canal when necessary, to allow direct exposure for removal of well-fixed long cemented tibial stems.
They are also added to products to which humans have direct exposure, for example, cosmetics, toothpaste or even powdered food ingredients to avoid caking (Waters et al. 2009; Borm et al. 2006).
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This is also valid for field emission based scanning probe lithography FE-SPL), wherein low-energetic electrons (< 100 eV) are applied for direct exposure of ultra-thin resist films (< 20 nm).
In order to use such alternative systems of the respiratory tract for studying the effect of airborne compounds like gases, particles, or complex aerosols like cigarette smoke or diesel exhaust, special devices for direct exposure of cultivated cells or bacteria were established [ 3– 9].
To simulate the in vivo situation, an adequate exposure device is necessary for the direct exposure of cultivated lung cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI).
A big central hole allowed a direct exposure of electrodes to ambient air (for the cathodes) and methanol solution (for the anodes).
Of note, in the present study, direct exposure of unseparated PBMC to HIV for 24 or 48 hours resulted in CD4 T cell apoptosis, similar to what described in our previous reports [31], [34], [41].
Equally, a man with extramarital affairs, whose partners are pregnant, would rarely be involved in his partner's antenatal care for fear of direct exposure of his extramarital affair which may lead into quarrels between his partners.
Consumption of paint chips also could be a direct exposure route for children.
Similarly, direct exposure accounted for 2%% of the variance in distress levels in Palestinian youth and only 1%% of the variance in PTSD symptom levels was attributable to the violence experienced in Sudan for Darfurian refugees in Chad [ 10].
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