Sentence examples for direct defence from inspiring English sources

Perhaps the best way to explain my optimism is not a direct defence of politics, but a comparative one.

It might seem unthinkable that any such prosecution would happen here in the UK, or that the Queen would ever make such a direct defence of her unearned position.

The future French president Charles de Gaulle criticized the UN, famously calling it a machin ("contraption"), and was not convinced that a global security alliance would help maintain world peace, preferring direct defence treaties between countries.

This integrative approach considered both the efficiency of cyanogenesis as a direct defence in nature and its quantitative effects in controlled feeding trials.

When a plant attacked by herbivores emits signals, the neighbouring plants anticipate imminent damage and take timely measure by direct defence; by increasing levels of toxins and repellents [14], or by indirect defence, attracting natural enemies [15], [16].

Thus, to investigate the efficiency of lima beans' cyanogenesis as a direct defence in nature, we applied an integrative approach combining analyses for quantitative correlations of cyanogenic potential (HCNp; the maximum amount of cyanide that can be released by a given tissue [31]) and herbivory in the field with feeding trials under controlled conditions.

Moreover, one may ask whether stem borers avoid molasses grass because of its direct defences and/or because of the indirect defences accomplished by luring parasitoids that in turn act as plant bodyguards.

They participate truly in these three-way interactions, with indirect defences against herbivores, whereby damaged plants emit volatile compounds that attract the enemies of their enemies [4], and direct defences against both insects and pathogens, in which morphological structures or chemical substances are used to inhibit attack [5].

We test for induced direct defences in wild populations of the alpine plant Adenostyles alliariae, a species that possesses constitutive chemical defence (pyrrolizidine alkaloids) and specialist natural enemies (two species of leaf beetle, Oreina elongata and Oreina cacaliae, and the phytopathogenic rust Uromyces cacaliae).

Furthermore, few studies have been carried out on the response to induced direct defences by specialized herbivores that are able to surmount the constitutive chemical defences of their host, as in tobacco plants, where attack by the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) induces increased endogenous JA levels, but decreased nicotine accumulation [15].

However, studies have also shown that suppression of direct defences by insect oral secretion can also be beneficial for the plant by reducing the cost of direct defences and increasing plant fitness [ 35, 36].