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There was no direct decrease in heart disease risk with decreasing resting heart rate, but among the 7,000 people whose heart rates had decreased from between 70 and 85 to below 70 beats a minute, risk for death from any cause was reduced by 40 percent.
The second term in Eq. 2, d, is the direct effect, which expresses the direct decrease in wage level due to wage cuts (d).
Therefore, strengthening the mediatory capacity of arbitration institutions resulted in the decrease of massive collective labor disputes, but not the direct decrease of small-scale collective labor disputes.
Mining leads to a direct decrease in the area of woodlands; conversely, the spontaneous succession of vegetation resulting from agricultural extensification and forest reclamation facilitates woodland recovery.
The main thrust of the study is to evaluate low-cost, standard technology that can contribute to a direct decrease in the number of accidents, at an affordable cost.
Our results show that the direct decrease in pH due to ocean warming is approximately equal to but opposite in magnitude to the indirect increase in pH associated with ocean warming (ie reduced DIC concentration of the upper ocean caused by lower solubility of CO2).
Similar(45)
Compact folding is beneficial for fitness through its direct decreasing effect on replicator degradation and – for metabolic replicators – its indirect metabolic effect mediated by increased enzymatic activity.
Economic impacts exist beyond the cost of control, including direct decreases in household income due to reduction in livestock/product sales, consumption impacts due to reduced food security, increased household vulnerability where livestock is used as a risk-coping mechanism and affects on household wealth which influence savings and gender equality (Birol et al. 2010).
In first few hours of oxidative stress, free radicals damage leads to consumption of GSH, directing decreased GSH level and therefore it is considered a marker of short term oxidative stress [ 23].
Therefore, the principal therapeutic options are direct to decrease the anal canal pressure by means of surgical procedures (sphincter stretching, sphincterotomy) or local application of vasodilators [ 9– 13].
While CVs from direct ratios decreased up to 50%%, CVs from reconstructed ratios decreased approximately 30%%.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com