The purpose of the IA was to improve the measurement of carbon in different land uses and vegetation covers, as well as to direct decision makers to those land uses or options as an CO2 emission reduction strategy while supporting rural sustainable development.
"I can see the concern that it looks worrisome," he said, "but there are many layers in this decision, there are a lot of people on the committee — there is no direct decision-maker — it's Boxer's call, it's Obama's call and it's subject to review of the Department of Justice and Congressional approval".
Decision aids are often designed to direct decision-makers' attention to potential problems or solutions prompted by the decision aid; but in most instances, it is impossible to prompt all possible issues that should be considered in making a decision.
The first example is what Ramalingam terms "watchdog and knowledge networks" (2015), understood as networks involved in the "early detection of disease, characterization of the disease, and subsequent reporting and communication directed to decision makers in governments, international bodies and other key audiences" (ibid 9 10).
As Urbinati shows, the idea that representation is incompatible with democracy stems from our modern concept of sovereignty, which identifies politics with a decision maker's direct physical presence and the immediate act of the will.
Small companies based in Atlanta can get direct access to decision makers at major players – we're home to companies like Coca-Cola, Delta Airlines and NCR, and we host the North American headquarters for both Mercedes-Benz and Porsche.
But organizations must also reach out to these citizens, ask them to participate, train, support and amplify their voices, and invest in building a social movement in parallel with, and ideally in synergy with, research and analysis, policy development, legal strategies, and direct lobbying of decision makers.
The main point from the information above is that you truly can't train your sales teams on how and why prospective customers make their buying decision if your training isn't based upon direct interviews with decision makers at won and lost accounts.
But the Chinese role appears to be more than that of host: officials and analysts describe Beijing as determined to keep the two sides talking, first in low-level diplomatic exchanges, then perhaps in more direct negotiations between decision makers, to soften entrenched positions and force both sides to focus on how to bring about a diplomatic outcome.
Go direct for the decision makers so you don't waste any time.
