This characteristic affects the muscular strength, the fusiform muscle generates a more direct contraction, but to modern humans, apes, and Macaca fuscata, the bellies are shorter; in a pennate muscle, however, the physiological cross-sectional area is considerably larger than its anatomical cross-sectional area.
Finally, external rotation was used to neutralize the medially directed contraction force of the subscapularis and the pectoralis major muscle [20].
Slight decrease in particle size or negative effect of CaCl2, as the cross-linking agent of agar, on the particle size of nanospheres (Table 2, Figure 2) can be due to partial center directed contraction that is exerted upon the spheres by the cross-linker.
Terranova, R. et al. Polycomb group proteins Ezh2 and Rnf2 direct genomic contraction and imprinted repression in early mouse embryos.
The power requirements for this behaviour (106 W/kg), are well above the power that is available through direct muscle contraction (250 W/kg), indicating that an elastic energy store is required [ 2, 32].
Although the M2 receptors predominate (approximately M2 M3 2 1), in humans it is the M3 receptors that are thought to cause a direct muscle contraction via phosphoinositide hydrolysis (Harriss et al 1995), whereas M1 receptors have never been demonstrated (Yamaguchi et al 1996).
An intravenous dose of 1-2 mg STX causes a fast weakening of muscle contractions; both contractions by direct stimulation as contractions by indirect motoneuron stimulation are affected.
The NNW-trending tectonic grain of the eastern Yilgarn Craton (EYC) was established as a result of predominantly ENE WSW directed extension (D1 and D3) and E ENE W WSWW) (D2, D4) to NE SW directed (D5) contraction.
The exception is that clotrimazole significantly decreased the length of anally directed SL contractions.
The role of catecholamines in the syndrome may be related to direct muscle damage (contraction band necrosis), as seen in other high-catecholamine states like pheochromocytoma [26] and stress-induced (Tako-Tsubo) cardiomyopathy [27, 28].
Kensah et al. [ 59] proposed in 2011 a multimodal bioreactor for mechanical stimulation and real-time direct measurement of contraction forces under continuous sterile culture conditions.
