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It was validated using a blinded panel of 82 carbapenemase-producing and 50 non-producing isolates by direct colony PCR.
The use of this protocol minimized heterogeneity between experiments and may be considered more reliable than the simple expression of direct colony count of bacteria recovered from seeds.
Using direct colony PCR amplification followed by gel electrophoresis, a clear positive result can be obtained in less than 3 h, thus providing a quick, reliable and inexpensive way to identify target species.
Evaluation of biodegradation activity of isolates was carried out by adding 1 ml of direct colony suspension is made in normal saline and turbidity adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard (1.5 × 108 CFU/ml) into 100 ml aliquots of % 1 PAHs, % 1 phenol and % 1 sodium sulfate enriched MSM were prepared in 250 ml flask and incubated for 6 days at 30 °C in an orbital shaker (90 rpm).
Ligated products were transformed by electroporation under standard conditions, and positive colonies were identified by a direct colony PCR technique.
Serial dilutions of each lysate were plated onto LB agar and the numbers of intracellular bacteria (expressed as colony forming units (CFU)), were enumerated by direct colony counts after 48 h.
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The Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to amplify genomic fragments of M. colombiense CECT 3035 that were subsequently used in the development of a direct colony-specific PCR assay using specific primers.
Currently B. japonicum enumeration in liquid formulation currently includes several methods; however, the most probable-number plant infection method (MPN) proposed by Vincent (1970), and the direct colony-forming unit (CFU) counting on agar plates proposed by Somasegaran and Hoben (1994) are still the most frequently used methods in several laboratories worldwide.
Clones that did not yield a PCR product using direct colony-PCR, were cultured in LB medium, plasmid DNA was purified using the Wizard Plus Minipreps DNA purification system (Promega, Madison, WI), and plasmids were sequenced similarly as described above.
Direct Ant Colony Foraging DACF2 and DACF3 are two ant colony foraging models proposed by Meng et al.
Between 1692, when the Baltimores lost control, and 1715, Maryland was a direct Royal Colony, and the Governor was appointed by the British Monarch.
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