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"Looking for direct causation is going to be impossible," he said.
"The associations between screen time and health risk cited … do not prove direct causation," he writes.
Like any committed determinist, Honderich is reluctant to ascribe any direct causation between the liberation of retirement and his upping the ante of philosophical debate.
Others (like the Gliere, the Hartmann symphonies and the Strauss) begin popping up elsewhere, though direct causation is hard to establish.
This is not to say that all extinction hypotheses are not science; many are excellent examples of good science, but a linkage of direct causation is a problem.
While there's no direct "causation" between using social media and identity fraud, the report found, the behavior of those participating is probably a factor.
Similar(19)
Thus, they are not suitable for an explanation of direct mental causation in the usual sense.
While these IV estimates do not suffer from bias due to direct reverse causation, we shy away from interpreting them as causal effects.
Before Charles Darwin, some evolutionary systems had already incorporated a postulate of restricted spontaneous generation that could potentially explain the mystery of the origin of life without direct divine causation.
These relations may be directed transitions, causation, or activations, or undirected when we examine similarities or co-occurrences.
Drawing a direct line of causation between Trump's rhetoric and the spike in hate crimes is difficult.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com