Sentence examples for direct causal effect from inspiring English sources

Although there are theoretical and empirical grounds to suspect that each individual adversity might activate physiological stress systems, some adversities might also act as markers or causally precede other factors, rather than exert a direct causal effect.

But so far only an association has been confirmed, not a direct causal effect.

BMW and Audi are under no illusion that the ads they run during PGA golf broadcasts have a direct causal effect on current sales.

"Results consistently suggest that physical punishment has a direct causal effect on externalising behaviour, whether through a reflexive response to pain, modelling or coercive family processes".

Then, identify the direct causal effect that introducing social impact initiatives into these departments can potentially have there.

Different explanations why parental education should have a direct causal effect can be found in the literature.

Estimation of direct causal effects.

Arrows refer to direct causal effects.

Our results have thus to be interpreted as clean correlations between track, grades and outcomes in dual VET but not as direct causal effects.

We employed Eq. 3 to study BEFR across different forest types, with an underlying assumption that biotic factors, namely species diversity and basal area, have direct causal effects on forest productivity.

It was the early name for SEM before there were latent variables, and was very powerful in testing and developing the structural hypothesis with both indirect and direct causal effects.