Before the new law on diploma recognition, it was not uncommon for scientists in Spain to struggle with similar problems.
Immigrant minorities are vulnerable to specific patterns of exclusion and discrimination that require group specific measures (language acquisition, diploma recognition, anti-racism, ensuring the visibility of minorities in the medias and public offices, accommodation in public institutions, etc).
In the United States, institutions of higher education set their own admission and credit policies for IB diploma recognition.
Cultural, educational and scientific cooperation between the two countries is covered by a treaty of 16 March 1994, with additional treaties regulating diploma recognitions since 16 June 1997 and additional treaties and protocols on scientific and technological cooperation signed in 2002 and 2009.
In May 2009, Canastota High School, where Basilio was once a member of the boxing team, presented him with a diploma in recognition of his achievements.
A month ago, at a commemorative symposium, he received a medal, together with a diploma "in recognition of his distinguished career, and in particular the development of the Pill, which changed the destiny of the population of the world in the twentieth century".
Sartain received certificates, medals, and diplomas in recognition of her service to art and education, including recognition from the London Society of Literature, Science and Art.
The 67-year-old veteran from Johnsburg, N.Y., dropped out of high school at age 16 to join the U.S. Navy, but recently earned his diploma under Operation Recognition, a state program that allows certain veterans to earn high school diplomas if they left school for service before graduating.
In the commission's annual assessment of compliance with European standards in areas like food safety, anti-corruption efforts, farm databases and mutual recognition of diplomas, Poland -- with its large agricultural sector -- fared the worst.
To guarantee this circular mobility among youths, the EU should also work to advance two European projects: (i) the portability of social rights, including health insurance, unemployment benefits and supplementary pension benefits; and (ii) the mutual recognition of diplomas and qualifications, whether de jure or de facto.
Also, a stronger international recognition of diplomas and mobility within Europe can be perceived; see, e.g., the impact of the Bologna Two-Cycle System [4, 5, 7, 8], the establishment and implementation of a European Credit Transfer System [7, 9], and the internationalization of medical education [6, 10, 11].
