Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal can manage hypercarbia by removing carbon dioxide directly from the bloodstream.
Mr. Uhran, the NASA official, said that the failure of a critical system like carbon dioxide removal could occur only after a highly unlikely chain of failures, including the loss of the Russian and American carbon dioxide removal systems.
"In order to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement," it notes, "carbon dioxide removal is likely a necessary step".
And the commercial promise of other methods of carbon dioxide removal is likely to be very limited.
The document states that several critical systems aboard the space station have no adequate backup, including oxygen generation, carbon dioxide removal, food, water and waste removal.
One of the station's oxygen generation units failed upon installation, and spare parts for the carbon dioxide removal system are running low, among other continuing concerns.
However, it is extremely unlikely that carbon dioxide removal techniques can work fast enough to avoid future, and potentially catastrophic, climate change.
Later, they will install computers and set up networks, start the oxygen generator and carbon dioxide removal system and turn on equipment throughout the station.
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) tries to cut the levels of the greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and store it, for example, in trees, algae or underground.
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) techniques would suck the greenhouse gas out of the atmosphere and lock it away underground or in the oceans.
The first is carbon dioxide removal, in which the gas is absorbed by plants, trapped and stored underground or otherwise removed from the atmosphere.
