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Posterior CN IX and X ganglia anomalies primarily reflect diminished dosage of the 22q11DS candidate gene Tbx1.
It is not clear, however, whether 22q11 genes act in palate or jaw primordia, and whether diminished dosage alters morphogenesis in LgDel mice.
Thus, local diminished dosage of 22q11 genes might compromise craniofacial morphogenesis.
Thus, our results define a circumscribed role for diminished dosage of Tbx1 in a spectrum of phenotypes that together might account for dysphagia in 22q11DS.
Thus, diminished dosage of 22q11 genes modestly alters gene expression levels for a subset of adhesion signaling molecules in CNg V.
CN IX and X phenotypes in LgDel embryos were primarily due to diminished dosage of Tbx1, a 22q11 candidate gene associated with 22q11DS cardiovascular anomalies (reviewed by Scambler, 2010) that is not expressed in the developing hindbrain.
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Thus, posterior CN IX/X phenotypes in LgDel embryos reflect diminished Tbx1 dosage – one of a small number of 22q11 genes not expressed in the developing hindbrain – whereas those associated with anterior CN V phenotypes are associated with diminished expression of additional 22q11 genes and local changes of gene expression levels or patterns, especially in the anterior hindbrain.
This sounded to me more like science fiction than a political reality, but she confirmed this was the case, adding that she had occasionally encountered parents who refuse to accept medical advice to diminish the dosage for their child, which aroused suspicion that they feared the concomitant reduction of their DLA payments.
Furthermore, metformin absorption is the rate-limiting step in drug disposition because absorption is transporter dependent and saturatable, which causes bioavailability to diminish as dosage increases (7, 9).
Thus, diminished 22q11 gene dosage results in significant CN developmental phenotypes.
In 2 human small cell carcinoma xenografts anti-tumour efficacy was not diminished by divided dosage.
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