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(Here a prominent usage of these terms will be followed, whereby particular options may be described as incomparable in value, while general properties or dimensions of value may be described as incommensurable).
For instance, the multiple criteria decision framework (see, for instance, Keeney and Raiffa 1993) takes an agent's overall preference ordering over options to be an aggregate of the set of preference orderings corresponding to all the pertinent dimensions of value.
The incommensurability of certain dimensions of value, say, freedom versus welfare, or average versus total welfare, may even be a feature of some ethical theories; this puts a lot of pressure on completeness being a reasonable idealisation, let alone a requirement, for rational preference.
Hlady-Rispal and Servantie (2016), in the paper Deconstructing the way in which value is created in the context of social entrepreneurship asserted that: "within empirical or conceptual studies, almost all authors use the term 'value', but seemingly assume the dimensions of value rather than define or analyze its connotations and components".
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Any value-eliciting approach may tackle a complex combination of various dimensions of values, which are always context dependent.
However, it is very difficult to encompass the multiple dimensions of values systems in a single methodological approach.
We adopt Chan et al.'s ([2012]) eight dimensions of values to analyze the values elicited during the decision-making processes.
Finally, cultural similarity defined through Hofstede's four dimensions of values [29] has also been found to relate to language [30, 32].
Conceptual framework integrating (I) degrees of participation the methods provide Pretty et al. ([1995]:61), (II) types of ecological knowledge of different actors, and (III) eight dimensions of values related to different categories of ecosystem services and benefits (Chan et al. [2012], p.13).
To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, we have prepared a conceptual framework (Figure 1) that captures the degree of participation that any method allows, models in a simplistic three-fold manner the stakeholders involved, according to the types of knowledge they possess, and provides a schematic detailing of the various dimensions of values that stakeholders can possess.
Democrats, being Democrats, will mostly talk about the realities nonstop without paying attention to the dimensions of values and symbolism.
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